betrayal in norse mythology
"But if you go to his house you will have to go without your hammer Mjölnir, and without your gloves and your belt.". It was also commonly believed that those who betrayed their role as host were punished by Odin with misfortune, loss of status, and/or death, while those who fulfilled their role were rewarded by Odin (Guerber 41). 2011. This Giantess was Gialp, Gerriöd's ugly and evil daughter. Thor lifted tip the seat and saw two ugly, broken bodies there. It is the invented Aryan heritage that underpins racist fantasies of betrayal and revenge. See the fact file below for more information on the Freyja or alternatively, you can download our 21-page Freyja worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. One of the most well-known myths from Ancient Greek culture is the myth surrounding the Trojan War, which is based on a betrayal of the laws of hospitality. He struggled across, holding Loki and the young Giant. From what started as bad decisions, comes betrayal. It struck her and flung her into the flood. As evidenced by records of per… They will help you instead of your gauntlets of iron. Because he had seen two of the women of that dwelling, and his rage against the Æsir and the Vanir was such that the ugliness and the evil of these women was pleasing to him. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Online Collection, n.p. He watched Thor go up the hillside to Grid's cave. Melissa, Cory, Joesph Mollie, Bennet Dustin, and Manning Jonas. Pitt-Rivers, Julian. Norse Mythology » Norse Mythology #5 - Loki's Children; ... Loki's strange children are discovered by the gods and forced into their dismal fates in a grand story of betrayal and destiny. Finnan remained outside the fort for days; while inside the fort the chieftain was faced with the disdain of his people because it was a betrayal of the laws to forbid an individual hospitality. Ancient Egyptians valued fidelity so much that they believed that those who betrayed their spouse should not be allowed to enter the afterlife. Loki, in Norse mythology, a cunning trickster who had the ability to change his shape and sex.Although his father was the giant Fárbauti, he was included among the Aesir (a tribe of gods). The Indian myth proved to be an effective vehicle for conveying the Indian value of fidelity through the demonstration of the extreme lengths the culture would have gone to in order to punish adulterers. Norse or Scandinavian mythology is the belief and legends of the Scandinavian people. These three myths showed the valued these cultures bestowed on the laws of hospitality through the ways each culture believed a breakage in hospitality should be punished. For immediately he felt his strength augmented as when he put on his own belt of strength. MCU fans will definitely be familiar with this character, but within Norse mythology, he is a Trickster god who is the driving force behind Ragnarok. "I would grind his bones to powder," said Greip. Then, Thor comes to the goddess Freya's aid by taking her place in an unusual wedding that is, of course, Loki's fault. They were eager now for something to hold and torment and so the hearts of the three became set upon catching the falcon. "Look upon me! Thor left the cave of Grid, the old Giantess, and went to Gerriöd's dwelling. Loki’s popularity saw a resurgence with the Germanic revival of the nineteenth century, when the mythic heroes and villains of yore were resurrected to serve the nationalistic ends of Germanic people in Western and Northern Europe. The Hindu. "The Value of Hospitality." Historically, ancient Greek, Irish, and Norse cultures have greatly valued the laws of hospitality, but they differed in their views of punishment of those who would break the laws of hospitality. Loki was represented as the companion of the great gods Odin and Thor, helping them with his clever plans but sometimes causing embarrassment and difficulty for them and himself. The ancient Norse valued the laws of hospitality because they believed the laws were created and given to them by Odin and to follow the laws of hospitality was to show Odin their devotion; a betrayal of hospitality was seen as a betrayal against the Gods. Web. Mid-16th Century. White nationalism is fuelled by a weaponised version of Norse mythology. Numerous gods are mentioned in the source texts. In the myth “The Story of the two brothers,” Anubis, Anubis’s wife, and his brother Bata lived together on a farm. This type of punishment was common in ancient Egypt because Egyptians believed that the body must remain whole for the passage of the deceased to the afterlife. In ancient India, the husband might have decided to have his wife’s and her lover’s noses amputated so that all might know of their crime; while in Egypt the husband might have those involved killed and dismembered so as not to allow them access to the afterlife. When they opened the box again Loki spoke to them. In Norse Mythology, Fenrir Is A Monstrous Wolf Myths Encyclopedia. Loki stole Frigga's dress of falcon feathers. You are out of your wits, Thor. Galpaz-Feller, Pnina. Loki, the Trickster God, barged in. He saw the whirlpools and the smoking mountains and had joy of these sights. He talked to Thor of the adventures they had together in Jötunheim. Cannot you see that I have not Mjölnir, my mighty hammer, with me, nor my belt, nor my gloves of iron? iFunny.com. What Giant do you go to injure now, Thor? This breakage of hospitality eventually leads to King Menelaus gathering his army and attacking Troy, retrieving his wife, and killing Paris. Everything on IMDB with Norse/Early Germanic stories/Religion/Mythology from the time of Beowulf until the middle ages or later with norse themes or folklore. Is he not out of his wits, my son -- this one who saved you from the flood, as you say?". What were they talking about as they sat there, one scratching the other? Print. ", "And take this length of string. Copyright © 1998-2021 DLTK's Sites - All Rights Reserved, Norse Mythology and Viking Legends for Kids. Vikings would gather and share stories of Gods and Heroes who experienced love, war, betrayal, and victory. Kashgar. Greece believed in punishment from the betrayed host and the gods, Ireland believed in fining the guilty party, and Scandinavia was of the belief that Odin would punish those who failed to offer hospitality. It was then that Thor began to think that perhaps old Grid was right and that a trap was being laid for him. This practice, sati, was believed to be the “ultimate form of womanly devotion and sacrifice” (Heaphy 1). 39-42. Hear how Loki turns his back on the gods of Asgard and what they do to him. Thor would have been crushed against the stone roof only that he held his staff up. This it was that was making the river rise and seethe. He then drew on the mittens and took the staff that she gave him in his hands. Finnan gave his forgiveness after he was allowed to preach to the tribe of Mac Carrell. Share. Why had he come to it? 7 Feb. 2015. All blamed him for having stolen it, but when he told how he had been shut up without food in Gerriöd's dwelling those who judged him thought he had been punished enough for the theft. Central to accounts of Norse mythology are the plights of the gods and their interaction with various other beings, such as with the jötnar, who may be friends, lovers, foes or family members of the gods. A Giantess was pouring a flood into it. At that moment they saw the falcon hovering before the door. It will help you instead of your belt of prowess. James freshly analyzed this first successful slave revolt in the modern world in Black Jacobins (1938), an account that remains influential today. In ancient Irish culture, a breakage of hospitality was typically punished by a fine unless the host realizes his shame and atones for his crime to the person he wronged. These myths of betrayal have all served as a vehicle for cultural values and have all been used to warn humans away from a betrayal of fidelity or of the laws of hospitality through the use of punishments that culture deemed justifiable. "Myths of the Brothers Who Hated Each Other." Then as a falcon he flew out of Asgard. Higher and higher he soared until, looking toward the South, he saw the flaming land of Muspelheim, the Land of Fire. when Zeus was given the option to chose which meat Thor would now roar with laughter when he talked of the time when he went as a bride to Thrym the Giant. Lucky for you I am mistress of magical things. 31 Jan. 2015. Then with remorse and fear for what he had done, Loki, with his head drawn down on his shoulders, started running like a bird along the ground. "Gerriöd was the one who found it when I cast it away. Sinsomnia: Stories told to help you fall asleep. 7 Feb. 2015. More recently, Loki featured prominently in the Marvel c… Braham then married Ahalya to Sage Gautama after the Sage beat Indra at a competition for Ahalya’s hand. "Yes, the hair I once cut off from Sif's head," said Loki. Privacy Policy  â€¢   He restored to Frigga her falcon dress. In the myth Finnan, the abbot of Moville in the Kingdom of Donegal, sets out to travel to the fort of Tuan Mac Carrell. The Hindu, 3 Dec. 2012. The ancient Indian and Egyptian cultures both have many myths on the subject of the betrayal of fidelity; the ancient India had the myth of Ahalya and ancient Egypt had “The Story of the two brothers”. World Myth. It whizzed straight toward Thor's forehead. One Friday long ago, she had 11 other gods over for a party. With his falcon's eyes Loki saw the gleam of Surtur's flaming sword. And when Thor reached Grid's cave (he went there to restore to the old Giantess the string, the mittens, and the staff of power she had given him) he saw the Giant's dwelling in such a blaze that one would think the fires of Muspelheim. The ancient Greeks valued the laws hospitality because it allowed for safety when staying in a stranger’s home; the betrayal hospitality was so appalling because of how many guests and hosts trusted in the laws of hospitality to ensure their safety. Mar 13, 2020 - Friday is Freya's Day, the Norse Goddess of Love. He held a tongs into the fire. 2 Feb. 2015. Pen and brown ink, brown wash,heightened with white (partly oxidized), over traces of black chalk, on light blue paper. Loki was not there. The ancient Irish valued hospitality for the trade it encouraged across Ireland; a betrayal of hospitality was looked down upon because it would have lessen the number of traders who would have been willing to travel, which would have harmed the economy of the time. Discover SinSomnia Norse mythology: Loki's betrayal. The Tradition of Hospitality. India: Universal Law, 2010. ", "’Tis well indeed for you, Thor, that I am mistress of magical things.". He was friendly as before to the Dwellers in Asgard, and the rage and hatred he had against them since he had eaten Gulveig's heart he hid from them. The myth of “Geirrod and Agnar” demonstrates how the ancient Norse felt about those who betrayed the laws of hospitality. The ancient Norse valued the laws of hospitality because they believed the laws were created and given to them by Odin and to follow the laws of hospitality was to show Odin their devotion; a betrayal of hospitality was seen as a betrayal against the Gods. Ariadne and King Minos. As Thor came toward him he lifted up the tongs and flung from it a blazing wedge of iron. "Oh, if we could catch him without his hammer and his belt and his gloves," cried Gialp and Greip together. After Anubis confronted Bata and learned the truth of his wife’s betrayal he returned to his house and he killed his wife, dismembered her body, and fed her limbs to the dogs (Galpaz-Feller 155). Thor had to plant his feet firmly on the bottom or he and the two he held would have been swept down by the flood. Loki stole Frigga's dress of falcon feathers. The gods and frost giants are destined to face each other on the battlefield at Ragnarok, the doom of the Germanic gods, the catastrophic fight to the death that is to take place on the Vigrid Plain. Gialp was the uglier of the two, if one could be said to be uglier than the other, for her nose was a yard long and her eyes were mean and crooked. The Giant and his daughters let him go, and he flew back to Asgard. Typically in ancient Ireland a breakage of hospitality was considered a great embarrassment because wealth was judged based on what one gave instead of what one had (Niafer 1). The Norse myth proved to be an effective way of conveying the Norse values of hospitality, their gods, and their disdain of those who fail their duty of host. "Tell him of Gerriöd, old mother," said the Giant youth. Then he and Loki went toward Jötunheim, the land of the Giants. Contact Us  â€¢   This myth showcases the value the ancient Greek culture put in the laws of hospitality and that a breakage of hospitality on the part of the guest, if severe enough, could lead to the death of the guest who broke the hospitality offered by the host (Pitt-Rivers). Web. "Will you bring Thor to us without his hammer, and without the gloves with which he grasps his hammer, and without his belt?" The myths of hospitality were meant to teach the ancient Greek, Irish, and Norse people to respect the laws of hospitality, to be welcoming to strangers, and about the consequences of betraying the laws of hospitality. "Dharma of Husband and Wife and Family Life." Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 22 Feb. 2015. Print. Print. Gerriöd, the most savage of all the Giants, was there. "Yes, I will leave them in Valaskjalf and go with you to Gerriöd's dwelling," Thor said. ", "I will give you something that will help you, Thor. "Father, can you not catch this Thor and bring him to us alive? But Loki was no longer dismayed to think of the ruin of Asgard's beauty and the ruin of Midgard's promise. Update: 2018-06-20. He also wrote a play, Toussaint L’Ouverture, that was performed in London in 1936, … Geirrod had Odin seized and bound to two pillars surrounded by fire for eight days without food or drink, but Agnar, disguised as servant, provided Odin with a horn of ale every night. . American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. The ancient Norse felt that only Odin could punish a host that failed in his duty because while the guest … "Where will I leave Mjölnir, and my gloves and my belt?" Steering away from the ties to Greek mythology found in early games, at the end of God of War III, Kratos disappears to an unknown location. From what started as bad decisions, comes betrayal. According to myth, after Paris named Aphrodite the fairest goddess she told him to set sail for Sparta where he would find his bride to be. Thor pulled a rock out of the bank and hurled it at her. They did not stir from the place where they were sitting, but they called the child Glapp, who was swinging from the roof-tree, and they bade him go out and try to catch the falcon. Historically, ancient Indian and Egyptian cultures both valued fidelity. Norse Mythology I #5 Loki's strange children are discovered by the gods and forced into their dismal fates in a grand story of betrayal and destiny. Then Glapp caught it by the wings and fell down through the ivy, screaming and struggling as he was being beaten, and clawed, and torn by the wings and the talons and the beak of the falcon. Both of these myths demonstrated the value these two cultures placed in fidelity through myths about adulterers and their punishments. Following in their footsteps, the painter Jacob Lawrence gave visual representation to the revolution. When they were near the end of their journey, they came to a wide river, and with a young Giant whom they met on the bank they began to ford it. So glad was the savage Giant to have one of the Dwellers in Asgard in his power that he and his daughters did nothing but laugh and chuckle to each other for days. In ancient India, this type of punishment would not have been deemed too harsh for they practiced the use of corporal punishment to penalize adultery, specifically the amputation of the nose (Sperati 44-50). As the Giant held him in his hands and looked him over he knew that this was no bird-creature. The stone chair crashed down upon the stone floor. ", "I go to injure no Giant, old Grid," Thor replied. It is believed in Greek culture that Paris’s betrayal of the laws of hospitality was punished by the gods by having all of his children born from Helen die during infancy, and punished by humans through his death during the Trojan War. The anger and the fierceness of the hawk was within Loki as … Years later Odin disguised himself as a wanderer and sought King Geirrod’s hospitality. If Helen was abducted against her will by Paris as this piece of art depicts that in itself is a set of betrayals; Paris would have betrayed Helen’s trust, Menelaus’ goodwill, and Greek hospitality. In the recent movie Thor by Paramount, based on the comic book series by Marvel, the god Thor is betrayed by his adopted brother Loki. Ancient Indian Law: Eternal Values in Manu Smriti. Higher and higher still he soared. "And take these mittens, too. Then, Thor comes to the goddess Freya's aid by taking her place in an unusual wedding that is, of course, Loki's fault. The myth of Ahalya begins with Brahma creating Ahalya and giving her great beauty. . While the Ancient Irish looked down on a betrayal of hospitality for the ways it would reduce trade; the ancient Norse viewed a lack of hospitality as one of the most heinous crimes and believed the guilty would be struck down by Odin. Loki was able to persuade him to make another journey to Jötunheim. The ancient Norse felt that only Odin could punish a host that failed in his duty because while the guest was betrayed by the lack of hospitality the greater betrayal was to Odin. Thor was the one whom they hated most of all, and they were speaking of all they would like to do to him. In ancient Greek culture it was believed that hospitality was a test from the gods and to break it would bring down the wrath of the gods (Melissa, Mollie, Dustin, and Jonas 1). Guerber, H. A. He waited until he saw Thor come back down the hillside and go toward Gerriöd's dwelling. Freyr (Old Norse: Lord), sometimes anglicized as Frey, is a widely attested god in Norse mythology, associated with sacral kingship, virility, peace and prosperity, with sunshine and fair weather, and with good harvest.Freyr, sometimes referred to as Yngvi-Freyr, was especially associated with Sweden and seen as an ancestor of the Swedish royal house. Sperati, G “Amputation of the Nose throughout History.” Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 29.1 (2009): 44-50. Historically ancient Norse culture believed that misfortune that befell those who betrayed Odin’s laws were punished by him. Web. Norse mythology takes you on a spectacular journey, as tales from the two main groups that form the mythology of northern and eastern Europe unfold. However, the legends of Norse Mythology do tell of betrayal between these two gods. were all around it. "Go then, but get soon to Gerriöd's dwelling yonder. Historian and political organizer C.L.R. No sooner was he seated than the chair flew upwards. Norse mythology is also known as Germanic mythology and it's specific to the north-Germanic culture. Norse Mythology #5. Kavitha, S.S. "Ahalya: Enigma of Purity and Pollution." Thor put up his hands and caught the blazing wedge of iron between the mittens that old Grid had given him. Kokopelli (Hopi) In addition to being a trickster deity, Kokopelli is also a Hopi fertility god – … The Giant took him and shut him in a box till he would speak. Odin then named Agnar as King for the hospitality he offered Odin when he gave him the ale each night. All the fire of Muspelheim and all the gloom of Jötunheim would one day be brought against Asgard, the Realm of the Gods, and against Midgard, the Realm of Men. While the ancient Greeks valued hospitality for the safety it offered the ancient Irish valued hospitality because it encouraged travel and trade across Ireland. Print. Sacred Texts. Loki swore that he would do so by the gloom of Jötunheim -- "Yea, and by the fires of Muspelheim," he added. In the myths, it is unclear whether Helen went with Paris by choice or not; in one version of the myth Aphrodite made her fall in love with him, in another she fell in love with him on her own, and in another he falls in love with her and he takes her to Troy against her will. At the end of the eight day Odin sung a prophecy about how Geirrod would soon die on his own sword because he had betrayed himself and his guests by failing to follow the laws of hospitality. Niafer, Fenian. Gerriöd and Greip and Gialp rushed out and kept hold of the falcon. Buy Mythology: A Captivating Guide to Greek Mythology, Egyptian Mythology, Norse Mythology, Celtic Mythology and Roman Mythology by Clayton, Matt (ISBN: 9781981184927) from Amazon's Book Store. Surely you will be well treated there.". Stories of brotherly betrayal survive in popular culture. When her husband returned to the house, the wife told him his younger brother had assaulted her when she refused to get in bed with him. Quickly he hurled it back at Gerriöd. 35-42. But in the center of the stone chamber there was a stone seat, and Thor went to it and seated himself upon it. A great fire was blazing in the hall, and standing beside that fire he saw Gerriöd, the long-armed Giant. For a woman to betray her husband by sleeping with another man, the way that Ahalya did with Inra, was seen as a great betrayal and dishonor by the culture that encouraged woman to die next to their deceased husband. The river rose still higher, but Thor was able to draw Loki and the young Giant to the bank, and then he himself scrambled up on it. Or is it somthing stronger What is Deception? The anger and the fierceness of the hawk was within Loki as he flew through the Giants' Realm. On the island Odin and Frigga shaped the two boys into heroes and then sent the two boys back home in a boat, but on the way home Geirrod took the oars and sent the boat and his brother back out to sea. Once Finnan was inside the chieftain professed his shame and sought forgiveness for his crime. "The Law of Hospitality." The eyes showed him to be a shape changer of Asgard. He came out of the hall and into a great stone chamber and he saw no one there either. Justice, Rama. Loki's strange children are discovered by the gods and forced into their dismal fates in a grand story of betrayal and destiny. Geirrod then charged Odin with his sword, but fell on it when Odin revealed his true form. They were big and cruel, dirty and rugged, with horses' teeth and hair that was like horses' manes. she said, as her son led Thor within. Then, Thor comes to the goddess Freya's aid by taking her place in an unusual wedding that is, of course, Loki's fault. Loki (meaning: the end) is the god of mischief, trickery, fire, chaos, and change. "The hair of Sif, my wife," said Thor in surprise. Nanna mourns her murdered husband Baldur (Franz Stassen, 1920) The body of stories that we today call “Norse mythology” formed one of the centerpieces of the pagan Norse religion. This is shown in myth by how Paris was punished through the gods by not allowing any of his children to survive infancy. The ancient Greek, Irish, and Norse cultures valued the laws of hospitality as essential laws of life, and viewed a breakage in hospitality as a betrayal of the host or guest depending on the circumstances. While this is true to a certain extent, it is a misconception that he is a personification of evil, like Satan. Sacred Texts,1920. Ancient Greek, Egypt, Norse, Irish, and Indian cultures all feature myths on the theme of betrayal. Print. Norse mythology: Loki's betrayal. New York: George G. Harrap, 2009. Sinsomnia: Stories told to help you fall asleep. . "Leave them in Valaskjalf, Odin's own dwelling," said cunning Loki. "Who is it?" . Paris arrived in Sparta and remained as a guest of King Menelaus and his wife Helen who treated him to their hospitality; Paris broke the laws of hospitality when he took Helen back to his home of Troy to be his. The ancient Greek, Irish, and Norse cultures all have their own myths on the subject of the laws of hospitality; ancient Greece had their myths about Paris and Helen during the Trojan War, ancient Ireland had “The Long Life of Tuan McCarrell”, and ancient Norway had the myth of “Geirrod and Agnar”. Thor strode out of that chamber with his teeth set hard. Loki would not go and was angered to hear that Thor thought of going. "Leave them there and come to Gerriöd's dwelling. Myths of the Norsemen. The Abduction of Helen displays Paris breaking the rules of hospitality by usurping the role of his host, King Menelaus. Take this staff in your hands. And all this time they left Loki in the closed box to waste with hunger. "The Children of Odin: Geirrod and Agnar." NOW, FRIDAY the 13th is BAD LUCK! Suddenly the river began to rise. These realms are the home of different kind of beings, like the home of… The young Giant whom Thor had helped across asked if the pair would go and visit Grid, his mother, who lived in a cave in the hillside. I will wait for you there," said Loki. Grid, the old Giantess, was seated on the floor of the cave grinding corn between two stones. Fidelity was an important value of ancient India’s culture; according to Ancient Indian Law: Eternal Values in Manu Smriti mutual fidelity is the highest principle to be observed by husband and wife in India and adultery was considered a betrayal of the utmost kind. But Thor, seeing that the Giant youth was friendly, was willing enough to go to Grid's dwelling. "Betrayal." ", "Not so long as he has his hammer Mjölnir, and the gloves with which he grasps his hammer, and the belt that doubles his strength.". When talking about Loki in Norse mythology, most people view him as a cunning, chaotic, and divine being, who should always be considered as a villain. This myth shows that the ancient Norse not only disdained those who failed to do their duty as a host, but felt that such people would be struck down by Odin. Web. "Private Lives and Public Censure: Adultery in Ancient Egypt and Biblical Israel." Ancient India and Egypt both highly valued fidelity and viewed adultery in the harshest light. 3 Feb. 2015. Is It This? Writer: Neil Gaiman, P. Craig Russell Artist: ... Loki's strange children are discovered by the gods and forced into their dismal fates in a grand story of betrayal and destiny. . The Irish myth was an effective way of conveying the Irish cultural value of hospitality as the myth emphasized how the chieftain both broke the laws of hospitality, realized his shame, and redeemed himself. Norse mythology: Loki's betrayal Item Preview podcast_sinsomnia_norse-mythology-lokis-betray_1000414247855_itemimage.png . These ancient cultures have often viewed adultery or the breakage of the laws of hospitality as one of the greatest betrayals, and each culture tended to have a different view of the type of punishment merited for each type of betrayal; the betrayals throughout these culture’s myths have often served as a vehicle to convey the values of each ancient culture. Norse Mythology and Viking Legends for Kids Loki the Betrayer. It struck the Giant on the forehead and went blazing through him. HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory (2012): 501–517. “The Tradition of Hospitality” article states that “all householders were obliged by law to provide food, drink, a bed and entertainment to anyone who appeared on the doorstep” (Niafer 1). They light their hall with Sif's hair. What Is Betrayal? Powell, Barry. It is a staff of power and will help you instead of Mjölnir.". Loki and the young Giant would have been swept away only Thor gripped both of them. Boston: Pearson, 2014. Then she struggled out of the water and went yelping away. "Life in India: The Practice of Sati or Widow Burning." They don’t call him “Bad-Ruler” for nothing. A mountain ash grew out of the bank, and, while the two held to him, he grasped it with his hands. "I would keep Thor bound in chains," said Gerriöd the Giant, "and I would beat him to death with my iron club.". "Odin." Ingjald was a legendary king of the Swedes. But the stone that was to have crushed Thor against the ceiling had crushed them against the floor. Jötunheim was the place that he flew toward. ", "To the house of a friendly Giant, old Grid -- to the house of Gerriöd. AncientWorlds LLC, 26 Aug. 2005. Soon, Baldor, God of Light, lay dead on the floor, an arrow in his chest. said Gialp. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. He told them he would do any injury to the Dwellers in Asgard that would please them if they would let him go. These stories … ", "Gerriöd a friendly Giant! In the Irish myth the fine is not used as a punishment because the chieftain obtained Finnan’s forgiveness when he sought to correct his behavior and atone for it by allowing Finnan to preach to his tribe. In the myth of “Geirrod and Agnar” Odin punishes Geirrod’s betrayal of hospitality with death and rewards Agnar’s hospitality with the throne.
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